Abstract
This paper provides a critical comparison of two common brief therapies--cognitive behaviour therapy and brief solution focused therapy. A thorough analysis of the current themes and practices used in these two treatments is made in order to provide the foundation for a comprehensive comparison of the two. Their similarities and differences are presented and it is concluded that both techniques are effective in managing a variety of problems.

Outline
Brief Solution
Focused Therapy
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
BSFT & CBT Compared

From the Paper
"Brief solution focused therapy (BSFT) was developed in the early 1980's by Steve de Shazer and colleagues, whose philosophy to focus on solutions rather than problems became the foundation of this therapy (de Shazer & Berg, 1997). The main goal of BSFT is to help clients access their own strengths and capacities and to help them develop and recognise these as a means to change (Durrant, 2000). A core assumption of BSFT is that there are always exceptions to problems, instances in which the problem will not occur. These exceptions are brought to the client's attention almost immediately in the first session by the counsellor (Stalker, Levene & Coady, 1999). Another important assumption of BSFT is that solutions don't have to have much in common with problems, with the same basic therapy producing changes in a wide variety of cases (Stalker et. al.)."

Tags:abuse, miracle, counsellor

Abstract
The writer explains that the emergence of Islamic banking is an example of how religion has become subservient to economic needs, and more specifically, how Islam has become subservient to capitalism. The paper explains that although advocates claim that Islamic banking is distinctive from interest rate banking, such methods are merely window dressing - a way for the banks to legitimize themselves. The writer explains that in Shariah, Islamic law, people are prohibited from charging and receiving interest. The paper draws parallels between conventional banking systems and the new modes of so-called interest-free banking. The paper states that Islamic banks have been mimicking conventional banks, pushing for short-term, low-risk investments that are similar in quantity and risk to those obtained by other conventional banks. The writer explains that the methods used to evade interest prohibition include mislabeling interest under the false pretense of administrative costs and delegating puppet banks to alleviate responsibility from Islamic institutions. The writer challenges the advocates of this system who claim that it is Shariah-compliant. In summation, the writer states that it is evident that in the current Islamic system, Islamic beliefs have taken a second place to the capitalist system. Table of Contents: Introduction Lack of Sources for Islamic Banking Same Method, Different Name Murabaha is Not Profit Sharing Using Puppet Banks The Ulama Power Vacuum Advocates Conclusion Bibliography

From the Paper
"During the 80s, Muslim countries such as Sudan, Iran and Pakistan underwent the growth of Islamic banking due to an oil boom and the need for Muslim communities to establish a unique economic presence in the new international economic order (Pipes, 1982:45; cf. ICO: 1982). By 1995, 144 public and private banking institutions had been established claiming to practice "Islamic banking" (Shaik, 1997:118). However, this paper will argue that Islamic banking is conventional banking in disguise. Islamists have merely used the former to bypass religious restrictions to meet their capitalistic needs in a manner that is compliant, and sometimes even not compliant, to interpretations of the Shariah. Such assertions can be supported by examining characteristics of the current Islamic banking system. Nazih N. Ayubi has written about religion being subservient to the state. In this particular case, the evolution of Islamic banking has become an example of Islam being subservient to capitalism."

Tags:capitalism, conventional, koran, shariah

Abstract
This paper analyzes the similarities and differences between Virginia Woolf's "Mrs Dalloway" and Michael Cunningham's "The Hours". The paper explains that in the elements of content, narrative technique, and imagery, there are many examples of dependence and independence between the two texts. The writer suggests that the structure of the novel, more specifically, formal chapter divisions, is one example of where "The Hours" can be seen as an independent novel without influence from "Mrs. Dalloway". The writer also looks at one of the most recognised elements of "Mrs. Dalloway" - Woolf's utilisation of 'stream of consciousness'. The writer concludes that what is most apparent from this analysis is that although "The Hours" can be read as a stand-alone novel, the significance of many of the elements of "The Hours" cannot be truly appreciated without the context and comparison provided for it by "Mrs. Dalloway".

From the Paper
"Mrs. Dalloway was written by Virginia Woolf in the 1920's, and since this time has been rewritten on numerous occasions, in various forms. In 1999, Michael Cunningham wrote The Hours, a Pulitzer Prize winning novel that reignited interest in Mrs. Dalloway. Although a prior knowledge of Mrs. Dalloway is not essential to a reading of Michael Cunningham's The Hours, Spengler argues that it is the invitation to find the similarities and differences between the two novels that entices the reader to view both texts (75)."

Tags:monologue, narrative, techniques, 'stream, of, consciousness', sexual, identity

Abstract
This paper investigates the role of formal methods (such as Z, Object-Z, VDM, B) within the software process and compares these to less formal methods such as natural language specifications and semi-formal methods like UML/Fusion. The complexities of formal methods are weighed against the software quality benefits often achieved through their use. Overall cost-effectiveness of both methods are discussed, as well as situations where formal methods may not be required (non-critical applications, rapid prototyping).

From the Paper
"While it is clear that both formal and informal methods have their own inherent benefits and shortfalls, it seems as though formal methods are the best option if software quality and overall cost-effectiveness are to be maximized. With increased tool support and method standardization, barring personal preference, there are few reasons why a formal approach should not be implemented. Increased acceptance of formal methods would most likely lead to higher quality software due to the more complete and precise specification that mathematical notations allow. While the initial costs experienced in the early stages of the development process may be high, these become less important as the benefits trickle their way through the software development process."

Tags:automated, design, development, formal, method, object, requirement, specification, testing, vdm, verification, vienna

Abstract
This paper looks at the many similarities in Emily Bronte's "Wuthering Heights", and Charlotte Bronte's novel, "Jane Eyre". The author discusses the gothic elements present in both books: the dark, the hidden, the secrets, and the brooding characters like Heathcliff and Mr. Rochester. The paper examines the element of the occult in both novels: ghosts, visions, the dead Catharine, and insane Bertha Mason Rochester.

From the Paper:

"
Traditionally, Gothic elements were constituted by the ambiguous, the chaotic, the unenlightened, the supposedly irrational, the dark, the hidden, and the secret. According to literary handbooks, Gothic is a matter of d?cor and mood, of an obscurely pleasurable terror, of the nostalgic melancholy of ruins and of remote times and places. Conventions familiar in Gothic narratives include a vulnerable/curious heroine, a wealthy/enigmatic hero/villain, and a grand, mysterious dwelling concealing violent secrets."

Tags:bronte, genre, ghost, moors, yorkshire, heathcliff, bertha, rochester, catharine, lockwood

Abstract
This paper analyzes school life both in Japan and Australia, taking a look at obvious cultural and social differences, but also inherent similarities between the two education systems.

From the Paper
" Education and school life throughout the world varies quite dramatically; from the subjects taught, to the methods of teaching and even what expectations are put on the students in general. Students within these two countries share similarities in lifestyle, however when it comes to school life, there is a considerable degree of difference."

Tags:comparison, cram, education, japanese, juku, learning, school, students, system

Abstract
The author wrestles with Alexander the Greats' inclinations towards both good and evil in an attempt to show that he deserved the title: "Great". By comparing and contrasting, she is able to build a case that he was, indeed, as his name implies, 'Great'. With some interesting quotes from people that knew Alexander the Great personally.

From the Paper
"Alexander the Great was a charismatic person who won the heart of the people he ruled throughout his short reign. He led them to victory against their enemies and had a generous nature. There was another side to Alexander though; he could be cruel, irrational and was known for his drunken rages. Despite his faults, Alexander's conquests, achievements and personal traits made him worthy of the title, "the Great." "

Tags:alexander, ancient, great, greece, greek, history, macedonia, military

Abstract
A paper contrasting "The Chimney Sweeper" poems from William Blake's "Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience" with "The Ecchoing Green" and "London". The paper focuses on the portrayal of the contrary states of innocence and experience, but the paper suggests that in a greater thematic sense all poems carry Blakes social criticism of the hypocritical Romantic society.

From the Paper
"William Blake, from a young age, displayed a vivid imagination which was not looked upon favorably during the pre Romantic period. He continued throughout his writing to radically question religion and politics, especially critical of the church, putting forth his views on the world. Perhaps what Blake is most famous for are his contrasting Songs of Experience and Songs of Innocence poems, which have either been paired by Blake himself, or by critics in their interpretations. In plate three of "The Marriage of Heaven and Hell" Blake wrote, "Without contraries is no progression", this statement defining the contrary states of Innocence and Experience, regarded as necessary to both human existence and human progress."

Tags:chimney, exploitation, hypocrisy, london, religion

Abstract
This paper examines how the three great civilizations of Persia, Greece and Rome relied heavily on the strength and success of their armies. It looks at how each nation, during its time of reign, trained and equipped their armies to better their chances on the battlefield. It discusses how the Persians with their vast numbers of troops armed with bows and sword and how he Greeks and Romans with their superior weapons and war strategies, earned the reputation of the most feared and respected armies in the known world.

From the Paper
"A large portion of the foundations of any successful army relied upon the type of weapons each soldier was armed with and how effective the arms were against the enemy. It did not take long for an army equipped with the best weaponry and siege weapons to completely slay an entire opposition that was armed with mere sticks and clubs. During their reign of power, the Romans had over time devised new weaponry technology, which continued to make their weapons ever increasingly more effective killing machines in battles. Each legionary was equipped with a spear amongst their other surplies and tools."

Tags:advantages, battles, civilisations, history, others, over, stratergies, time, weapons

Abstract
This paper focuses on the new evolved state of human beings where we are actually questioning our origins and how we came to be. The paper focuses on the different stages in the evolution of man, providing examples of fossil discoveries to show how humans have changed over time.

From the Paper
"With our knowledge of geological processes we are now able to determine the biological and cultural development of the species "Homo sapiens," or human beings. A large number of human fossil bones and teeth have been found at various places throughout the world along with tools of stone, bone, and wood. As a result of these discoveries, a picture of human evolution during the past 4 to 5 million years has emerged."

Tags:africa, archaeology, creation, darwin, darwinian, development, devloping, evolution, evolve, evolving, fossil, fossils, homo, man, migration, primate, sapien, sapiens, science