Abstract
Children and teenagers growing up being bullied think it is a normal part of life. Long-term consequences are associated with bullying and can lead to criminal activities. The paper shows that little attention has been paid to the effects of bullying or the connection between bullying and other forms of violence. Bullying on school property during recess has become lethal in the past few years and research is suggesting bullying is the beginning of school violence. This paper shows the problems facing children who are bullied, problems in schools and the long-term psychological effects caused from years of bullying.

Paper Outline:
Definition of Bullying
Problems Facing Bullying
Problems of Bullying in Schools
Psychological Effects
Long-term Consequences of Bullying
Missouri State Statue HB 1301 and 1298
Manifest Goals
Latent Goals
Eligibility Rules and Service Delivery
Interview
Evaluation and Flaws
References

From the Paper
"Boys are bullies more often than girls are and usually bully other boys. Regardless of the gender of the victim, boys tend to use physical force or threats. Likewise, girls typically bully other girls, but do so verbally and indirectly more often than physical. Teenage girls are often the targets of rumors and sexual comments. Teenage girls who bully often spread gossip or encourage others to reject or exclude another girl. Bullying is often a warning sign that children and teens are heading for trouble and are at risk for serious violence."

Tags:choking, kicking, rumors, taunting, teasing, violence

Abstract
This paper identifies a research issue, opportunity or problem that uses a data set consisting of at least 10-20 absolute zero measurements. In particular, the paper details primary and secondary data obtained from the Internet and other resources that expound upon the issue of declining teen pregnancy rates in the US. The paper further describes the methods used to collect the data along with calculations for the measures of central tendency and dispersion. The paper then displays the descriptive statistical data using graphic and tabular techniques along with an explanation of the data. The paper concludes with an action plan for the teenage pregnancy issues based on the data.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Hypothesis
Methodology
Data Analysis
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The pregnancy rate of teenagers in the United States continues to be an issue of high social concern. "While teenage birthrates have declined significantly in the past decade, they remain high and still impose a social and individual cost" (King, 2005). Knowing the rates have declined, a relevant question is; what factors facilitated the decline and can the factors be used to continue the decline? Two reasons accredited for the decrease in trend include the increased accessibility and use of family planning services and the exposure given to the dangers of unprotected sex by the mainstream media. Additionally, this report will provide details on the collection of primary data associated with the hypotheses."

Tags:data, teenage, pregnancy, family, planning, counseling, sex, health

Abstract
The media, including television, magazines, radio, internet and billboards surround everyone daily, sending messages about what items to buy and why. While the effect is obvious among the adult population, the effect is even more profound on the teenage population. The present day media has established a target on adolescents, influencing them to smoke, drink, look a certain way and dress a certain way in order to be accepted by society. This paper focuses on the affect that television has on teenagers, showing that the average American teenager will view nearly 14,000 sexual remarks, sexual innuendos, and jokes per year. The paper details the negative effects on these youths, including an increase in violence, early sexual activity, substance abuse and eating disorders.

From the Paper
"Studies have shown that young women subscribing at an early age to "teen" magazines such as "YM" or "Teen" have a much higher rate of eating disorders. According to the National Eating Disorders Association (2002), an increase in magazine viewing led to a 45% increase in lowered self esteem in young women age 12-15. Another study showed that 66% of young women believed that models in magazines were their "ideal" image, or what they were expected to look like (Irving, et al 1998). Actually, the average American woman is 5'4" tall and weighs 140 pounds. The average American model is 5'11" tall and weighs 117 pounds. Most fashion models are thinner than 98% of American women (NEAD, 2000)."

Tags:AIDS, drugs

Abstract
Both anorexia and bulimia are eating disorders that affect teenagers. Teenagers with eating disorders usually have other problems such as low self-esteem, family problems or other emotional problems.

Abstract
This paper first addresses the problem of teen pregnancy and then proposes establishing a community that provides support and education to pregnant teens and teens already with children. Next, the paper discusses the four basic elements of social marketing. The paper also examines the measurable outcomes of the program and describes evaluation strategies for determining the success of the program in achieving its goals.

Table of Contents:
Community Health Social Marketing Program
Overview of Community of Health Plan
Formative and Summative Evaluation Strategies
Reasoning for Evaluation Methodologies
Impact of Project Success on Public Health Policy
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"Social marketing in the community refers that for adequate contraceptive behavior to occur, teenagers must first recognize that they risk becoming pregnant if they have intercourse and do not use contraceptive properly. Also important is the teenager's knowledge or perception concerning pregnancy risk. The teenage perception is a result why some teenagers do not use contraception. Teenagers must have the ability to generate ways in which they can reduce their risk of pregnancy such as contraceptive methods. Social marketers is expected to determine and maximize the most effective ways in which to heighten teenagers' personal perception of pregnancy risk, their understanding of the potential consequences of an unplanned pregnancy, and their awareness of available contraceptive methods. A social marketing objective is to promote discussions on contraceptive issues and a sense of shared responsibility among partners."

Tags:nursing, community health, teen pregnancy, sex

Abstract
This paper talks about the causes and effects of the increase in high school violence in the last few years. An argument for emphasis on younger education. The author includes examples and statistics of school violence studies and a few proposed solutions to school violence.

From the Paper
"Since the April 20,1999 shooting at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, school violence has been getting a substantial amount of attention, especially compared to ten years ago. The number of extremely violent crimes committed by students has been increasing in the last few years. These incidents are not only increasing in number, but in the amount of bloodshed in each occurrence. Some experts seek to analyze the effects of this violence, while others attempt to pinpoint the causes, figuring them to be everything from parental violence to "shoot to kill" video games. There are many solutions that must be put together in order to help solve this urgent problem."

Tags:shootings, young, youth, adolescent, crime, juvenile, delinquency

Abstract
The paper discusses how the category of teenager created a scientific concern for the implementation of social roles which had to be realised through newly compulsory secondary education. Further, the paper explains how the new 'teenagers' were encouraged to make choices for themselves, however limited by the frame of conventional gender roles. Finally, the paper shows how distinctive femininities and masculinities emerging from the new category of youth appeared threatening to social order but were soon exploited for their commercial potential.

From the Paper
"It is in very specific historical conditions that the emergence of the category of 'teenager' was rendered possible in post-war Australia. After the confrontation of individualism and totalitarianism had left a world in which youth was the hope for a different future, a general sense of progress and the promise that desires could be realised accompanied the celebration of the 'modern', embodied by the new department stores making mass-produced goods available to the gaze of all (Johnson 1993, p.48). In this context of prosperity, a new age of life had now time to emerge in the transition between childhood and adulthood: adolescence. It became recognised among psychologists that the period from 12 to 16 years old was a critical stage in the life of an individual (Faye 1998, p.350), 'a period of immaturity and plasticity' (Johnson 1993, p.57)."

Tags:rock, n', roll, femininity, masculinity, social, order, delinquency

From the Paper
"Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem in the United States. Not only does excess weight lead to medical and psychosocial disorders in children, there is a strong link between childhood obesity and adult obesity. Exacerbating the problem are trends in eating patterns favoring more and more convenience foods, of which fast foods are the most harmful. Fast foods are high in fat, sodium, and sugar while low in essential nutrients. The consumption of fast foods has had a direct impact on the increase in childhood obesity among American youth.
Obesity in children is defined by how much the child exceeds the recommended weight for his or her age, sex, and height. Generally, a child is mildly to somewhat overweight if he or she is up to 20 percent above this recommended weight."

Tags:NUTRITION, ADOLESCENT

Abstract
This paper discusses causes, including media and peers, and some effects, including sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unwanted pregnancy. It explains that teenagers who practice unsafe sex are playing with a time bomb that could go off at any time. It concludes that, with the advent of easily accessible birth control and condoms, there are no more excuses for practicing unsafe sex, which can cause an unwanted pregnancy or even death by disease.

From the Paper
"Having unsafe sex with a partner is not only brainless; it can be deadly. There are many reasons teens choose to have unsafe sex, from peer pressure, to the passion of the moment, to the media, which often portrays sex as an act with no negative results. For example, sex in film and television rarely ends up in the character dieing a lingering death from AIDS, or giving birth to an unwanted baby, but in real life, these are just some of the effects that can occur quite easily from just one unprotected sex act (Arons 1093). Many young women find it difficult to visit a birth control clinic, even though they may be readily accessible in their area."

Tags:pregnancy, STD, sexually, transmitted, disease, birth, control, condom

Abstract
The paper explores the issue of peer pressure in today's society and how it can have both a negative and positive effect on peers. The paper looks at studies that explore the link between peer pressure and body image, product consumption, drinking alcohol and smoking.

Outline:
Introduction
How Peer Pressure Transpires
When and Why Does Negative Conformity and Peer Pressure Occur?
The Positive Role of Peer Pressure in Conforming

From the Paper
"According to Burton, Weston & Kowalski (2009), conformity refers to the altering of "attitudes or behaviour to accommodate the standards of peers or groups". This behaviour is seen more in children & adolescents during the school years than in any other life stages. The fear of being excluded, and ultimately having to cope with educational and social pressure single-handedly, instils a more negative approach to choices concerning right and wrong.
"Peer pressure is an influential attitude or perception, which is best described by Manohar (2009); "...it is the pressure exerted by a peer group in encouraging someone to change their attitudes, behaviour, or morals, to fit in a group."
"Peer pressure and conformity can work in a harmonious relationship, provided that both are applied using a positive approach. In contrast, they can also share a discordant affiliation if both conformity and peer-pressure are used inappropriately. For example, a group pressuring a child to steal some money involves both negative peer pressure and consequently ends with a negative conformity."

Tags:body, image, consumption, alcohol, smoking, substance, abuse, self-esteem