Abstract
A paper that shows that in a world of expanding business and human mobility there is an increasing prevalence of corporations extending internationally, resulting in many political and social implications. The author finds that although conventionally, one would join a lobby firm in order to influence government policy through bureaucratic channels; in light of growing corporate globalization, one can argue that these conventional channels are no longer able to reflect the demands and interests of the general population. He finds that although lobby firms possess substantial resources in lobbying government, it is in the flexible structure of informal grassroots organizations that people will be able to influence policy in a globalized world. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of transnational networks in influencing policy by highlighting the insufficiencies of lobby firms, outlining the characteristics of social movements that make them effective, and illustrating the application of these tactics in specific campaigns. Ultimately, it is in these informal movements that the demands of the general public will be heard. The paper focuses on Canada's experience.

From the Paper
"Ultimately, in a world increasingly dominated by multinational corporations, the future of public interests lies in the methods of grassroots organizations. Lobby firms have become ineffective in representing interests of the public, as they are now puppets of the big business interests who hire them. Likewise, governments have ceased to become the focus of policy change, as they too, have subordinated themselves to the interests of multinational corporations. Thus, it is in the flexible and adaptive structures of grassroots lobbying that Canadian voices and interests will be heard in the global arena. The reality that the strength of corporations in this arena is indubitable; yet, it is in the mobilization of collective action from grassroots organizations that will keep these corporations in check and ensure global social justice."

Tags:gatt, greenpeace, mai, movements, multinational, shell, social, wto

Abstract
This paper discusses the impact that NAFTA has had on the Canadian economy. Through examples of the role that NAFTA has played it is seen that this impact has been largely positive. Areas examined include NAFTA's role in mediating between the U.S. and Canada and increased employment through an increase in trade opportunity, among others. Arguments defending the role of NAFTA against criticism it has faced are also presented.

From the Paper
"Canada and the United States have had a long-standing friendship in which the two nations live peacefully side-by-side. The borders are not armed, the residents of each nation have respect for the other and there are many advantages enjoyed by remaining friendly. Just as any two friends will have disagreements from time to time, Canada and the US have also had their share of problems. One of the problems that has occurred from time to time between the two nations deals with the economics of each nation. NAFTA, which is a membership group designed to promote and improve trade relations within the member nations is sometimes called in to mediate between Canada and the US. NAFTA has had a positive impact on the Canadian economy overall, but it has not been without its problems for the northernmost country of the North American continent."

Tags:US, border, trade, mediate, dairy, employment, agriculture, food, health, standards, manufacturing, tariffs

Abstract
This paper examines the rush to settle the Canadian Prairies after 1896. Initially, the 'traditional' explanation of the National Policy's role is presented. Subsequently, criticisms of this explanation and alternative factors are examined.

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the major characteristics both historical and modern of the nationalist movement in Quebec. The writer points out that while it is true that Quebec nationalism could be traced all the way back to the late eighteenth century it is more accurate to say that Quebec nationalism is a product of the 1960s and subsequent decades when the appropriate political came to power in Quebec.

From the Paper
"If ever there was a modern case of the conflict and confusion that can be brought on by nationalist movements, then Quebec is that example. Nationalism in Quebec has been at near fever pitch since the 1960s, though the urgency associated with the political movement has died down somewhat in recent years. Nevertheless, Quebec nationalism is part of a long political and cultural tradition that traces its roots back to the English takeover of French Canada in 1759. Since that time, the francophone population in Quebec has quietly (and not so quietly) nursed its resentment of the control the English have over them."

Tags:quebec, nationalism, analysis

Abstract
This paper discusses how the nursing shortage and repercussions in nursing attrition and compromised patient care led to numerous attempts at forcing mandatory nurse-patient ratio legislation in California until finally, the bill was signed into law in 1999. This paper reviews the bill including the history and ramifications of the legislation and focuses on implications for the nursing profession and others.

From the Paper
"In 1999, California became the first state in the union to impose mandatory nurse-patient ratios (Sabin, 2004; Wilson, 2004; Dumpel, 2005; Gedhill, 2005; "Hospitals struggle," 2005; Evans, 2006). The legislation requires that med-surg nurses would no longer be responsible for more than five or six patients each, during the phased in approach to the bill. According to research, the bill required that as of January 1, 2004, no more than six patients per nurse be assigned and that by January 1, 2005 the number be reduced to the assignment of no more than five patients per nurse (Sabin, 2004; Gedhill, 2005; "Hospitals struggle," 2005; Evans, 2006). Governor Gray Davis signed the California Staffing Ratio Law, AB 394 into law on October 10, 1999, although attempts to pass such legislation dated back to 1193 with the introduction of AB 1445 that was defeated (Dumpel, 2005). "

Tags:nursing, legislation, california

Abstract
This brief essay addresses the following questions in regards to the Return to Work Legislation in Ontario, specifically Sections 40-43. What does the legislation say? Give an opinion on employer behavior with respect to return to work of the employee. How does it affect the workplace? The over arching theme is that human resources have not been properly dealt with in times of worker injury.

From the Paper
"The legislation, sections 40 - 43, is focused on clearly defining the responsibilities of the employer, the actions the employer must take, the process that is to be followed in addition to reporting to Workplace Safety & Insurance Board (WSIB) during the period between the times an employee is injured and returns to work ("Workplace Safety and Insurance Act..."). The legislation takes precedence over all collective agreements and clearly defines when an employer must comply based on the classification of worker and emphasizes both the aspects of "safe" and "early" return of a worker ("Workplace Safety and Insurance Act...," Section 40)."

Tags:disability, legislation, hr

Abstract
Canada is internationally recognized as a culturally diverse nation that emphasizes the concept of "The Mosaic." No other country in the world encompasses inhabitants from so many different backgrounds who exhibit strong loyalty towards Canada, while still preserving their cultural heritage. This is contrasted to the American ideal of the "Melting Pot," which attempts to shape all of their citizens into a set mold. Canada's philosophy is believed to be more effective and respectful than that which is possessed by our American neighbors. The following discusses the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches, and analyzes the impact of the structures on each country's society.

From the Paper
"Canada is world renown for being one of the most tolerant, welcoming, and democratic countries in the world - a dynamic mosaic of multiculturalism where people live and work together in harmony. Over the past 150 years, more than 14 million people have immigrated to Canada, with 16% of the 30 million citizens being first-generation immigrants. The Government of Canada is committed to a policy of diversity designed to preserve and enhance the multicultural heritage of Canadians, while striving to achieve equality in the economic, social, cultural and political aspects of Canada. In 1991, the Department of Multiculturalism and Citizenship conducted a survey, which revealed high levels of Canadian values and identity. Six out of ten interviewees portrayed a "deep emotional attachment to Canada" and 95% believe they can be proud of being a citizen and of their ancestry simultaneously. As a nation, Canada is continually becoming more diverse in its practices, which requires residents to expand their knowledge and appreciate other cultures."

Tags:americans, ancestry, canadian, citizen, country, culture, democratic, diversification, ethics, foreign, globalization, government, heritage, identity, canada

Abstract
This paper examines how, since the 1980s, the idea of Aboriginal sovereignty has been a subject of growing debate in Canada and how centrally at issue is the dispute over Aboriginal rights. It discusses how there is a contrast between traditional Aboriginal values and those of modern-day society and how within Canada there exists a prevailing tension between Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals on many levels. It analyzes how the government is in need of serious revision and why some Canadians feel that the only solution to the crisis the Aboriginal peoples presently find themselves in is some form of Aboriginal sovereignty. It shows how these Canadians believe that the best way to address the crisis is to have First Nations peoples control their own destiny through self-determination in order to confront current challenges successfully and ultimately lead to a greater state of well-being for its peoples.

From the Paper
"In addition to the Indian Act, which was subsequently amended multiple times, other influential policy documents were developed including the Statement of the Government of Canada on Indian Policy (1969), also known as the White Paper and Citizens Plus (1970) which "presents a counter-policy written by the Union of Alberta Indians, a treaty Indian group, in reaction to the federal document" (41) and called for Aboriginal self-determination. The White Paper's aim "was to outline a strategy that would integrate Indian peoples into mainstream society" (43). Conversely, "The guiding principles for economic development, proposed in Citizens Plus, suggest a reliance on a combination of government assistance and private enterprise [in order to] make reserve communities into centers of profitable and productive private industry" (49)."

Tags:first, nations, government, genocide, culture, religion

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide an overarching examination of not only the historical evolution of Quebec nationalism but also the implications that this nationalist fervor has for the future of federalism in Canada and the possibility of an independent Quebec nation. The writer notes that nationalism in Quebec is part of a long political, social, and cultural tradition.

From the Paper
"In the span of the twentieth century, Canada as a nation has witnessed and endured any number of historical events that have had a profound influence and impact on Canadian society. Leaders came and went; social policies were enacted; traditional conservatism was replaced with neo-conservatism. Arguably, though, one of the greatest and most consistent forces in twentieth century Canadian politics has been the rising authority of Quebec nationalism and the threat it represents to a cohesive Canadian federalism."

Tags:quebec, nationalism, history

Abstract
The paper examines the Canadian economy by focusing on Canada's past performance, political and economic structures and other growth factors such as future sustainability, specific sector performance and resource allocation. The paper utilizes these statistics in order to illustrate how political and economic differences impact the growth and development of nations.

From the Paper
"The notion of development is one that is fundamental to economics and to society as a whole. The increase in the wellbeing of a country's population by increasing education levels, lowering disease rates, increasing life expectancy, increasing average per capita incomes as well as improving the infrastructure in place to allow development to continue to occur in the future is essential to that country's people and its economy. The difference between MDCs and LDCs, of what they do and do not have, is tied in many ways to economics. Canada, a MDC, provides an example of what a wealthy country has which allows it to prosper and further develop ahead of the LDCs. By examining Canada's past performance, political and economic structures and other growth factors such as future sustainability, specific sector performance and resource allocation it is possible to see how Canada is different from LDCs in terms of development."

Tags:politics, sustainability, sector, performance, resource, allocation, infrastructure, immigration