Abstract
An opinion paper that discusses current debates on animal testing, problems with animal testing, alternatives and how regulation can be improved.

From the Paper
"Animal testing has become a hot topic in the last few decades as more and more animal rights & awareness issues have entered the world stage. From a variety of backgrounds, groups have rallied to the cause of animals around the world that are involved in drug testing, cosmetic testing, and a number of different experimental situations. The most hotly contested issue has been drug testing, where the development of potentially human life-saving substances is weighed against the life of these animals. Recent scientific research has been working hard to increase the accuracy and usage of alternative testing methods."

Tags:animal, pets, rights, controversial, drug, human, benefit, experiment, scient, cosmetic

Abstract
This paper examines the anatomy of a fetal pig, and indicates how to gain dexterity with the instruments used in the dissection procedure. The author compares the anatomy of the fetal pig with that of the human body.

From the Paper
"The first step was to obtain the Fetal Pig and to tie it in the supine position, anterior surface facing up in side the dissection pan. To tie the animal, we used butcher's twine and secured the front and hinds legs using a lasso technique. To make the first incision I had to locate the Xifoid Process of the Fetal Pig, distal aspect of the sternum."

Tags:anatomy, bio, biology, doctor, lab, nursing, physiology, report, science, surgeon, scalpel, instrument

Abstract
This paper presents an argument for the necessity of animal testing of medical products, consumer products and research for cures and discoveries for illnesses and disorders. The claim is made that alternative means of testing are not as effective.

From the Paper
"Throughout the years there have been many groups who have protested using animals for the purpose of testing products. These products include medical products, consumer products and research for cures and discoveries about illnesses and disorders. The groups who protest the use of animals say that it is cruel to use them for the tests when alternative methods could be found. While alternative methods have been developed for many types of testing the use of animals for testing must still be embraced. Alternative testing methods have not proven themselves to be as reliable as animal testing."

Tags:consumer, research, cosmetics, FACTS, activists, medical, welfare

Abstract
"The earth has evolved in geologic terms, but it has also evolved in terms of the life that teems upon it. All the change that can be seen and inferred has to be explained. The argument in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was divided into two camps, the catastrophists and the uniformitarianists.

From the Paper
"The earth has evolved in geologic terms, but it has also evolved in terms of the life that teems upon it. All the change that can be seen and inferred has to be explained. The argument in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was divided into two camps, the catastrophists and the uniformitarianists. The catastrophists explained the changes by resorting to cosmic violence, to a succession of catastrophes that bring about change suddenly. The uniformitarianists saw the earth evolving in a uniform manner over time. Both groups agreed that catastrophes do play a role in the evolution of the earth and that catastrophes still occur to reshape portions of the earth's surface or to bring about biological changes in a relatively short time. However, this is different from holding that a ..."

Abstract
The discussion in this paper centers around two important questions proposed in the novel: "With man gone, will there be hope for gorilla?" and "With gorilla gone, will there be hope for man?" This paper examines what the author, Daniel Quinn, attempts to tell us through these questions. It is doubtless that no shortcut to advancing toward the better community of life exists. Finally, the paper concludes that people should spread the belief that the world isn't made for us takers, and takers are not exempt from the law of life but belong to the community of life.

From the Paper
"The world has been dominated by those people who admire civilization or " takers" as the author, Quinn (1992), calls them in this book Ishmael. Takers' ideology is "the world was made for man to conquer and rule, and under human rule it was meant to become a paradise" (Quinn, 1992, p. 82) and has been supported by people everywhere in the world. To them, it appears that takers' lives, which center around civilization, technology and productiveness, has been the greatest, the most efficient and the only right way to live."

Tags:after, agriculturalists, agriculture, anthropology, beyond, civilization, companion, cultural, Dachau

Abstract
"The Hot Zone," by Richard Preston, outlines the history of the three filoviruses: Marburg, Ebola Sudan, and Ebola Zaire. The account consists of scientific information about the viruses, portrayals of the earliest victims, and descriptions of the medical procedures used to counteract the viruses.

From the Paper
" "The Hot Zone," by Richard Preston, outlines the history of the three filoviruses: Marburg, Ebola Sudan, and Ebola Zaire. The account consists of scientific information about the viruses, portrayals of the earliest victims, and descriptions of the medical procedures used to counteract the viruses. The bulk of the book deals with the outbreak of what appeared to be Ebola Zaire at a primate facility on the outskirts of Washington, D.C., and the actions undertaken by the United States Army to contain the situation.

Early in 1980, a Frenchman living alone near Mount Elgon in western Kenya traveled to Kitum Cave; seven days later, he became extremely ill. By the time he arrived at Nairobi Hospital, his internal organs had become obstructed with blood clots, and his brain had begun to "liquefy," eradicating his personality (14)."

Abstract
This paper outlines all factors attributing to behavioral patterns of kangaroos. The paper discusses a study which aims to observe a variety of types of innate and learned behavior in animals and explain the probable survival value of the behavior for the animal and its species. From environmental factors to captivity issues, this report specifies every possible factor attributing to the Kangaroo's behavior. An appendix of 14 pictures taken of my observations is included.

From the Paper
"The behaviors observed in the enclosure had little effect on the Kangaroos survival the one exception would be Parental Behavior, where the Mother Kangaroos protection is essential for the Joeys survival. The enclosure is protected from any predators, and the Kangaroos are provided for all their food, water, and resting areas that they require. Apart from the Emus, Pigeons, Wallabies and Humans, the Kangaroos did not have to protect their territory from any predator species. This reduces the territorial and dominant behaviors that in the wild would have been displayed."

Tags:animals, australia, biology, joey, psychology, emus, wallabies, outback

Abstract
The writer performs a study in which two approaches were made towards handedness. The first approach was a behavioral measure (Bishop et al 1996), 'quantifying consistency of hand preference'. The second approach uses a self-evaluating handedness inventory (Oldfield 1971), which provides a quantitative index of handedness, rather than binary classification' (Bishop et al 1996).

From the Paper
"Cerebral specialisation, or brain lateralisation while not unique to humans (McKenzie et al 1998), appears to correspond with behavioural asymmetry in human handedness. In a predominantly contralateral shift, sensory input from the right hand crosses over to the left hemisphere of the brain, and conversely sensory data from the left hand crosses over to the right side of the brain (Sternberg 1995). While the hemispheres may differ functionally, they are not completely independent as 'interhemispheric integration occurs by the corpus callosum' (Desmedt 1977), and in visual stimulus, information is sent to both contralateral and ipsilateral hemispheres (Ball 1998)."

Tags:brain, encephalization, hemisphere, function, information

Abstract
This paper discusses the ongoing debate in society regarding animal testing. The author examines the guidelines for experimentation on animals, modern methods, and discusses the pros and cons of experimenting on animals for human benefit.

From the Paper
"Are the ways that science researches with animals to find cures to today's problems ethical, or is it simply an excuse for animal cruelty? Animal testing is a crucial part of finding cures to diseases and other problems that plague today's society. Animals have been the subjects of tests since the early eighteen hundreds in order to try to find cures to common problems back then. Humans test all kinds of products on animals no matter how it harms the animals. There are valid reasons for testing some products on animals. However, I think that some of the methods used are unethical. Is maliciously harming an animal ethical if it helps the human race?"

Tags:business, paper, rights, society, laboratory

Abstract
An experiment that looks at a large amount of data and interpreting this to draw conclusions on water balance within animals. Looks at hormonal responses, salt concentrations, nitrogenous wastes, water losses and water intake via foods. Data is provided in results, and is fully interpreted, with focus on kidney function and wastes with respect to water balance within the body.

From the Paper
"In human's, the role of water balance is controlled by the kidneys, which act as an internal filter, removing wastes from the blood such as nitrogenous compounds which can be toxic if they accumulate. In an average adult male, there is approximately 5 liters of blood within the body, and of this, 1 liter of blood passes through the kidneys in I minute, so the total blood volume is filtered roughly every 5 minutes. "

Tags:adh, ammonia, blood, concentraion, environment, evaporative, experiment, hormone, kidneys, membrane, moisture, nitrogenous, organism, osmosis, permeable, reabsorbtion, regulating, salts, stability, urine, waste, water