Abstract
The author states that in the painting "The Luncheon of the Boating Party", Renoir shows the splendor and joy of everyday life. This painting marks the culmination of Renoir's Impressionist period. This painting was a huge undertaking for the artist. The author describes in detail the new method of combining colors that Renoir used to give the feeling of natural brilliant light.

From the Paper
"A prime example of the artist's ability to capture the joy of a single moment on canvas can be seen in The Luncheon of the Boating Party. This painting depicts the carefree gathering of French revelers, having just concluded a convivial meal. Renoir recreates the beauty of the river scene with the posing of models, all friends of the artist; his use of vibrant color applied in small brush strokes to recreate natural light and a richness in texture, and his use of contrasting white with black. All these elements come together to show one of life's greatest pleasures; the joy of eating and drinking with friends."

Tags:french, eating, drinking, friends, impressionist, monet, sisley, manet, technique, dabbing, color, dots, dance, hall, working, class, family, strokes, colors, natural, light, optical, mixture

Abstract
This paper briefly examines the history of ancient Greek art. It focuses on several periods - Archaic Period, Early Classical Period, Golden Age, Late Classical Period and Hellenistic Period. Different types of art forms are discussed and examined how they developed during these periods. The influence of other cultures on Greek art is also analyzed, namely Middle Eastern and Egyptian.
Outline
I. Introduction
A. History
B. Cultural influence
II. Archaic Period (600-480 B.C.)
A. Egyptian influence
B. Middle Eastern influence
III. Early Classical Period (480-450 B.C.)
A. New humanism led to balanced human form
B. Marble and bronze figurines
IV. Golden Age (450-400 B.C.)
A. Temples of the Athenian acropolis
B. Parthenon sculptures
V. Late Classical Period (400-300 B.C.
A. Expression of emotion
B. Individualization and three-dimensional movement
VI. Hellenistic Period (323-31 B.C.)
A. Nike and Aphrodite
B. Terra-cotta figurines
VII. Conclusion
A. Importance of masterpiece copies
B. Influence of Greek culture

From the Paper
"The earlier great cultures of Egypt and the Near East were making art long before the Greeks and much of the early Greek art looks Egyptian, with its stiff and profiled poses and boxy geometric designs. Moreover, the Greeks borrowed the ideas, motifs, conventions, and skills from these earlier civilizations (Tansy 1996). However, it was the Greeks who made the leap into naturalism and in their representations of the human body created an ideal of perfectly balanced proportions that has never been improved upon. Although, we often speak of Greek and Roman in the same breath, the greatest accomplishments of Greek art were five centuries old by the time the Romans began to copy them. "

Tags:greece, roman, civilization, Euthymides, Euphronius, Classical, Period, Golden, Age, Phidias, Scopas, Hellenistic, Athens

Abstract
The following essay suggests that we view "The Garden of Earthly Delights" scene, and especially the middle panel of the triptych, as being either a scene of elevated spirituality or one of unconscious desire rather the out-and-out orgy that it is often depicted as being.

From the Paper
"We are so accustomed to thinking of Hieronymus Bosch as the painter of devils and of the torments of humans that we forget that this description of his work may in fact not even be true. A closer examination of his work, for example, his most famous painting, "The Garden of Earthly Delights" suggests an ambiguity about his work that it is not usually credited with. His vision of humanity and life is certainly not one of unmitigated sweetness, but nor is his assessment of the human condition unmitigatedly dark."

Tags:spirituality, unconscious desire, creator, diabolic symbolism, canvases, moralist, weakness, humanity

Abstract
This paper discusses the life and work of Jackson Pollock, who is one of the central figures in the development of the strictly American art movement called Abstract Expressionism. The paper includes his biographical information, description of major works, quotes from Pollock and his critics describing his innovative drip painting style, and an "art inventory" of the 1953 painting called "Easter and the Totem."

From the Paper
"American painter, Jackson Pollock, born in Cody, Wyoming in 1912, was a troubled genius who became known as a quintessential abstract expressionist in the art world of the twentieth century. Pollock, a freedom seeking rebel, was instrumental is the development of the distinctly American abstract expressionist movement in the United States. He became notorious for his drip painting methods and his huge canvases layered with paint and embedded objects. Pollock, known for his emotional volatility and heavy drinking, seen as a phony by some, and a hero by others, used his innovative, individualistic and uninhibited style to birth a new artistic genre in post World War II America. "

Tags:painter, expressionism, biography, works, rebel, painting, post

Abstract
The display of Impressionist paintings in France in 1874 led to ridicule, but within twenty years Impressionists were to garner a large and permanent public following. This essay clearly describes how Impressionists played with lighting, color, brushstrokes, subject matter, and scenery to revolutionize art, specifically using Monet's Rouen Cathedral series to examine these changes.

From the Paper
"Impressionism was the first modernist art movement and to this day it remains the most popular (Hughes 113). Early Impressionism resulted from the work of many different painters, all sharing a common philosophy and technique and loosely organized as a group. It was at its strongest between the 1860s and 1890s and included many renowned painters such as Monet, Degas, Gauguin, Renoir, and Seurat. The fist public display of Impressionist paintings in 1874 disturbed the tradition-bound French Academy of Fine Arts and led to ridicule, but within twenty years Impressionists were to garner a large public following and were never again to be the "outcasts." Later Impressionist works built on and expanded the original style of the early artists, and in many cases the early Impressionist artists re-invented themselves and expanded their repertoire to show new forms and techniques of the movement. For these reasons Impressionism remains hugely successful even today, and works by artists in this genre are highly collectible and studied."

Tags:art, impressionism, modern, Monet, Renoir, Gaugin, revolutionize, ridicule, France

Abstract
This paper describes Raphael's famous painting "Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints." The paper provides a history of the painting. The author analyzes its composition and colors as well as the conservative style of the painting and its classical details.

From the Paper
"Rafaello Sanzio, known as Raphael, painted the "Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints" early in his career The painting was an altarpiece executed for the small Franciscan convent of Saint Antonio de Padova in Perugia and hung in the part of the church reserved for the worship of nuns. (Metropolitan Museum of Art) Also known as the Colonna Madonna or Altarpiece, a reference to Raphael's patrons, the powerful Colonna family the work consists of two main sections..."

Tags:Raphael, Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints

Abstract
The writer looks at four paintings in this paper - "View of Toledo" by El Greco, "Saint-Sever, Rouen" by Camille Pissarro, "Waverly Place" and "Nedick's" by Richard Estes. The writer shows how these paintings encompass not only the artistic ideals of the painters but also show how the genre of cityscape painting has changed over the years, beginning with the early Renaissance style and into the twentieth century.

From the Paper
"The Spanish painter El Greco (1547-1614), born as Domenicos Theotokopoulos in Crete, emigrated to Italy as a young man and was trained in the traditions of Late Byzantine frescoes and mosaics. While still young, El Greco went to Venice where he became attached with Titian and later left for Spain to spend the rest of his life in Toledo. His artistic style is a strong personal blend of Late Byzantine and Late Italian Mannerist elements yet his strong sense of movement and use of light prefigures the Baroque period. As pointed out by Horst de la Croix, "El Greco's art is not strictly Spanish, though it appealed to certain segments of that society, for it had no Spanish antecedents and had little effect on future Spanish painting" (598)."

Tags:toledo, rouen, saint, sever, waverly, place

Abstract
An essay outlining how the views and perception of a nation can be both represented and influenced by the art of that nation. In the late 19th century, although two-thirds of the Australian population lived in an urban setting, a bushman identity emerged, both within Australia and in global perceptions of Australians, that was fueled by such artistic work as McCubbin's paintings. Through an examination of McCubbin's, "A Bush Burial", this essay explores the values of Australia and Australians and their view of themselves as a nation.

From the Paper
"In the late nineteenth century an appreciation of the Australia bush emerged along with a fascination for its populace. Fuelled by contemporary art and literature, a common "bushman" image surfaced as a popular Australian view of the nation. Although two thirds of the Australian population lived in urban settlements, paintings such as McCubbin's "A Bush Burial" romanticized the rural lifestyle and assisted in the development of a bushman identity whose valiant qualities urban dwellers liked to imagine they too possessed. However, historians have difficulty in assessing and agreeing on the reality of this image as, when writing upon a view of the nation, each historian is affected by the concerns embedded within their own time period which, in turn, influences their interpretation."

Tags:century, national, nineteenth, perception

Abstract
This paper examines how Mary Cassatt's "Young Woman Sewing" and Hazel Dooney's "Under and Over" are two examples of female artistry from different periods and how are both portraits of striking females that are confronting for different reasons.

From the Paper
"The bold lines and candy colored palette in Hazel Dooney's portrait create a striking stylized image nearly two metres long. The provocative outfit accompanied by the rifle help create a cartoonish figure, the heroin of Dooney's feminist series of high gloss enamel paintings that developed from her William's Creek expedition. Pattern is evident in the scrubby bushes outlining the foreground, their slightly uniform, repetitive shape and color is evocative of military uniforms and insignia which ties in with the militant aspects of the central figure."

Tags:females, pattern

Abstract
This paper looks briefly at the background of the Spanish painter Salvador Dali and the Australian painter Brett Whiteley, two extraordinary artists from the surrealist movement. It details their artistic influences, views on life and makes an attempt at finding method in their madness. It discusses how it was an 'insatiable craving for sex', money and fame that drove Dali to artistic genius, while for Whiteley, it was alcohol and narcotics. It compares and contrasts some of their famous works, their styles and their perceived meanings.

From the Paper
"Dali was a Spanish painter and writer who played a very significant part in the surrealist movement. From youth onwards, he was a very talented and recognized artist, with many of his works being displayed and published. He was an artist whose life was dominated largely by an 'insatiable craving for sex', money and fame. Dali was also fascinated with the aspect of death, combined with the popular beliefs of society. Much of his work was based on influences gained from other artists as well as both contemporary philosophy and science. His role models were Goya, El Greco, Durer, Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo and Velaquez. In all, this represented the characteristically wide-ranging nature of Dali's way of thinking: the comic and the diabolic rub shoulders with serious classicism, with levity and gravity reflected to an equal degree. It was written that "Dali uses realistic items to reveal his dream-like ideas. His paintings are executed with infinite care and sometimes depict minute detail... The imaginary things depicted are presented in startling, distorted and fantastic ways, or else in natural, incredible combinations of parts of the human figure in tortured, writhing gestures." "

Tags:australian, contemporary, memory, presistence, spanish, surrealist, genius