Abstract
The display of Impressionist paintings in France in 1874 led to ridicule, but within twenty years Impressionists were to garner a large and permanent public following. This essay clearly describes how Impressionists played with lighting, color, brushstrokes, subject matter, and scenery to revolutionize art, specifically using Monet's Rouen Cathedral series to examine these changes.

From the Paper
"Impressionism was the first modernist art movement and to this day it remains the most popular (Hughes 113). Early Impressionism resulted from the work of many different painters, all sharing a common philosophy and technique and loosely organized as a group. It was at its strongest between the 1860s and 1890s and included many renowned painters such as Monet, Degas, Gauguin, Renoir, and Seurat. The fist public display of Impressionist paintings in 1874 disturbed the tradition-bound French Academy of Fine Arts and led to ridicule, but within twenty years Impressionists were to garner a large public following and were never again to be the "outcasts." Later Impressionist works built on and expanded the original style of the early artists, and in many cases the early Impressionist artists re-invented themselves and expanded their repertoire to show new forms and techniques of the movement. For these reasons Impressionism remains hugely successful even today, and works by artists in this genre are highly collectible and studied."

Tags:art, impressionism, modern, Monet, Renoir, Gaugin, revolutionize, ridicule, France

Abstract
The author states that in the painting "The Luncheon of the Boating Party", Renoir shows the splendor and joy of everyday life. This painting marks the culmination of Renoir's Impressionist period. This painting was a huge undertaking for the artist. The author describes in detail the new method of combining colors that Renoir used to give the feeling of natural brilliant light.

From the Paper
"A prime example of the artist's ability to capture the joy of a single moment on canvas can be seen in The Luncheon of the Boating Party. This painting depicts the carefree gathering of French revelers, having just concluded a convivial meal. Renoir recreates the beauty of the river scene with the posing of models, all friends of the artist; his use of vibrant color applied in small brush strokes to recreate natural light and a richness in texture, and his use of contrasting white with black. All these elements come together to show one of life's greatest pleasures; the joy of eating and drinking with friends."

Tags:french, eating, drinking, friends, impressionist, monet, sisley, manet, technique, dabbing, color, dots, dance, hall, working, class, family, strokes, colors, natural, light, optical, mixture

Abstract
This paper briefly examines the history of ancient Greek art. It focuses on several periods - Archaic Period, Early Classical Period, Golden Age, Late Classical Period and Hellenistic Period. Different types of art forms are discussed and examined how they developed during these periods. The influence of other cultures on Greek art is also analyzed, namely Middle Eastern and Egyptian.
Outline
I. Introduction
A. History
B. Cultural influence
II. Archaic Period (600-480 B.C.)
A. Egyptian influence
B. Middle Eastern influence
III. Early Classical Period (480-450 B.C.)
A. New humanism led to balanced human form
B. Marble and bronze figurines
IV. Golden Age (450-400 B.C.)
A. Temples of the Athenian acropolis
B. Parthenon sculptures
V. Late Classical Period (400-300 B.C.
A. Expression of emotion
B. Individualization and three-dimensional movement
VI. Hellenistic Period (323-31 B.C.)
A. Nike and Aphrodite
B. Terra-cotta figurines
VII. Conclusion
A. Importance of masterpiece copies
B. Influence of Greek culture

From the Paper
"The earlier great cultures of Egypt and the Near East were making art long before the Greeks and much of the early Greek art looks Egyptian, with its stiff and profiled poses and boxy geometric designs. Moreover, the Greeks borrowed the ideas, motifs, conventions, and skills from these earlier civilizations (Tansy 1996). However, it was the Greeks who made the leap into naturalism and in their representations of the human body created an ideal of perfectly balanced proportions that has never been improved upon. Although, we often speak of Greek and Roman in the same breath, the greatest accomplishments of Greek art were five centuries old by the time the Romans began to copy them. "

Tags:greece, roman, civilization, Euthymides, Euphronius, Classical, Period, Golden, Age, Phidias, Scopas, Hellenistic, Athens

Abstract
A discussion of the artist Michelangelo. The author provides a brief overview of his life, a discussion of his major works, his contributions to society and his influence on the Renaissance.

From the Paper
"The word Renaissance, used for the first time by Vasari in his book "Vite" to refer to the historic period between the late 14th century and the second half of the16th century, was meant to indicate the new birth, the re-birth of art. Fundamentally, from the philosophical point of view, the Renaissance also meant naturalism, in other words, the study of man and the universe without the use of metaphysics. It was thereby obvious that in Renaissance man became the center and measure of all things, a chosen creator who echoes the deep harmony between the microcosm and the macrocosm. For Italian artists who studied the ancient statues, they were therefore aiming at achieving a similar rendition of physical reality by using rediscovered techniques. For example, Renaissance sculptors would make use of perspective, nudes and equestrian statues as subject. The revival of interest in the Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, seen from a free and lay point of view, made it possible to uphold man and his possibilities of free thought and action in the period of Renaissance. Through artistic rebirth, the re-appreciation of man led to the culmination of several of the greatest artworks in the history of human being."

Tags:history, sculpture, picture, painting, museum, history

Abstract
This paper provides a discussion of the long tradition of the influence of ancient Egyptian art on ancient Greek artists. The paper looks at how the art of both are affected by their societies' world views. The paper discusses the primary functions of Egyptian art and the different style of Greek art, particularly in relation to depiction of figures.

From the Paper
"This paper compares ancient Egyptian art with ancient Greek art and considers the ways in which the Greeks were influenced by Egyptian art. Egypt established a long and enduring artistic tradition. Greek art drew heavily on that background, using many of the same kinds of subjects and incorporating many similar symbols but then reinterpreted them through very different eyes and a strikingly different cultural perception. Both visions continue to have a profound impact on artists in modern cultures from their representation of everyday life to the varied..."

Tags:Egyptian, Greek, Bullock, Carpenter

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the one particular sculpture by the ancient Greek master, Praxiteles. The paper includes illustrations.

From the Paper
"The entire beauty of the earth has been preserved by the many forgeries that attempted to capture the genius of Praxiteles. He set the standard for later depictions of the goddess. Roman copies are often criticized for not portraying the form's magnificent presence. The classical Greek sculpture, Aphrodite of Knidios, changed the way women were denoted in future artworks. The visual representation of the goddess of love and beauty provided the ancient world with a positive view of female sexuality."

Tags:art, greek, praxiteles

Abstract
This paper provides a comparison of the techniques, style and influences of two different sculptors from different periods. Includes images of artwork.

From the Paper
"Hiram Powers was born in 1805 and died in 1873. He was born in Woodstock, Vermont, USA and spent his childhood in Cincinnati. In 1837 he moved to Florence, Italy and this is where he spent the rest of his life and created his most famous sculpture, "The Greek Slave", a 65 inch marble statue which now stands in the Yale University Art Gallery in New Haven. The earliest and most significant influence on Powers' work was Horatio Greenough (1805-52) one of the first Americans sculptors to settle in Florence. Greenough has studied with Bartonlini who would also become a strong influence in Powers' life."

Tags:art, bologne, boulongne, giovanni, greek, jean, marble, rape, renaissance, sabine, sculpture, slave, woman

Abstract
A report on ancient Egyptian jewelry. The author focuses on how the jewelry was crafted, specific styles of jewelry, and their symbolic meanings.

From the Paper
"Ancient Egypt is known for its awe-inspiring monuments, mysterious mythologies and legendary treasures. Its history is rich and complex, reaching far back into the beginnings of civilization and spanning thousands of years. Much of what we know about this ancient culture comes from the ancient artifacts it has left behind. Among these is the multitude of its beautiful jewels. What types of jewelry did the ancient Egyptians wear and how was it significant to them? How did they manage to create such incredibly intricate and unique jewelry? "

Tags:craft, art, composition, meaning, symbolism, symbolic, symbol

Abstract
This paper describes Raphael's famous painting "Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints." The paper provides a history of the painting. The author analyzes its composition and colors as well as the conservative style of the painting and its classical details.

From the Paper
"Rafaello Sanzio, known as Raphael, painted the "Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints" early in his career The painting was an altarpiece executed for the small Franciscan convent of Saint Antonio de Padova in Perugia and hung in the part of the church reserved for the worship of nuns. (Metropolitan Museum of Art) Also known as the Colonna Madonna or Altarpiece, a reference to Raphael's patrons, the powerful Colonna family the work consists of two main sections..."

Tags:Raphael, Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints

Abstract
The writer looks at four paintings in this paper - "View of Toledo" by El Greco, "Saint-Sever, Rouen" by Camille Pissarro, "Waverly Place" and "Nedick's" by Richard Estes. The writer shows how these paintings encompass not only the artistic ideals of the painters but also show how the genre of cityscape painting has changed over the years, beginning with the early Renaissance style and into the twentieth century.

From the Paper
"The Spanish painter El Greco (1547-1614), born as Domenicos Theotokopoulos in Crete, emigrated to Italy as a young man and was trained in the traditions of Late Byzantine frescoes and mosaics. While still young, El Greco went to Venice where he became attached with Titian and later left for Spain to spend the rest of his life in Toledo. His artistic style is a strong personal blend of Late Byzantine and Late Italian Mannerist elements yet his strong sense of movement and use of light prefigures the Baroque period. As pointed out by Horst de la Croix, "El Greco's art is not strictly Spanish, though it appealed to certain segments of that society, for it had no Spanish antecedents and had little effect on future Spanish painting" (598)."

Tags:toledo, rouen, saint, sever, waverly, place