Abstract
This paper examines the use of performance-based pay in companies in Australia, citing the Lincoln Electric Company as an example of a company that effectively uses performance-based pay. The writer then points out that performance-based pay can also strain relationships and that evaluation based on performance in some industries can sometimes be a subjective measurement that causes bias and favouritism. The writer believes that performance-based pay cannot be the sole source of motivation. Rather, it should be reinforced with a strong team-based culture in the company, social recognition and feedback. The writer also discusses how performance-based pay used to reward teams is becoming more popular in companies. The writer concludes that performance-based pay can be used efficiently under the right conditions and with the correct implementation.

From the Paper
"Do employers really get what they pay for? Some scholars argue that performance-based pay is very effective and some companies implementing it show significant results. But then there are other scholars that claim it is not effective at all, sometimes even considered detrimental. At first glance any average person would believe that performance-based pay motivates an individual to perform better. Performance-based pay is the wage or bonus earned by an individual or team based on their productivity and contribution. There are many types of performance-based rewards such as commissions, bonuses, share options, profit sharing and the list goes on. Performance-based pay seems to be an attractive way to improve employee performance but has come under fire by a lot of criticism on its effectiveness."

Tags:organisational, behaviour, incentive, plans, bonuses, budgeting, teams

Abstract
This paper uses a letter written by Martha Burk of the National Council of Women's Organizations to the private Augusta National Golf Club protesting that no women members are allowed in the club. This letter is the starting point for the author's argument that membership organizations can limit applicants on the basis of gender. The author counter argues that, if the objective of forcing the club to allow women members is supposed to improve the plight of working women in general, most of the arguments of Ms. Burk and her supporters appear to have little or no merit. This paper presents many arguments including that Augusta National has a clear legal right to exclude women from membership, citing the Supreme Court's case, "Boy Scouts of America v. Dale".

Table of Contents
Introduction
Martha Burk's Arguments
Counter Arguments
Position of Golfers
Arguments in Favor of Augusta National's Position
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Adding women members to the Augusta National membership list will not improve the pay and opportunities for women in this country. While the club is composed of wealthy, influential people, it is a miniscule portion of society. Unless one is at least a casual golf fan, the Masters, the Augusta National Golf Club and its policies mean little or nothing to the average person. Ms. Burk and her supporters have failed to show that allowing women to join the club will help a significant number of women. They have simply made the unsupported gratuitous statement that it will. Actually, Ms. Burk and her organization would probably have a greater impact on more people by focusing on integrating small-town clubs that exclude people on the same basis as Augusta National does. But, of course, there would be no media attention from doing that."

Tags:private, elitist, business, discrimination, constitution

Abstract
This essays discusses how the three elements of citizenship, as described by T.H. Marshall in his text 'Citizenship and Social Class', are incompatible with capitalism. The paper ultimately describes how capitalism has no interest in sustaining civil, political and social rights. The paper also uses graphs.

From the Paper
"Citizenship and capitalism are inevitably opposed to one another. If citizenship strives to create equality amongst all citizens, then capitalism does the opposite, creating inequalities between the people. By a Marxist definition, capitalism is a mode of production based on the unequal distribution of resources. Citizenship on the other hand is the status of those who are full members of a community (Marshall 1983). Those with citizenship have equal rights and duties (Marshall 1983). Purely by these simple definitions alone, the contradictions are conspicuous between citizenship and capitalism. This essay will discuss why capitalism is incompatible with the three main elements of citizenship those elements being political, social and civil (Marshall 1983), but first comparing the varying definitions and theories relating to citizenship and capitalism."

Tags:liberties, pateman

Abstract
This paper deals with the what parents, older generation and the younger generation think about rap. It also, tells both sides (good and bad) of rap music and why it is perceived in different ways to diferent people.

From the Paper
"Many people of the older generation dislike the younger generations? taste in music, mostly because the music has evolved to a new level. This level includes a lot of swearing and abusive language and sexual references. These explicit records have become readily available on the market for the youth of today. This level of music is different to the level of obscene language that was around in the younger days of the older generation. In their day and age, there were no records that provoked swearing, sex and other themes."

Tags:generation, generations, parents, reflective, society

Abstract
A look at Immanuel Velikovsky's theories of the justification of 'miraculous' events which he claimed had been caused by major astronomical event. The author focuses mainly on the claims outlined in his popular book, "Worlds in Collision".

From the Paper
"Immanuel Velikovsky, author of Worlds in Collision, was very well read when it came to the texts of ancient cultures. In his book he argues that our solar system has changed dramatically within the last few millennia, impacting considerably on the course of history on Earth. I will attempt to show that his statement, based on these ancient writings, is flawed. He does not question the veracity of the texts and takes everything said as literal, leaving them greatly open to interpretation. I will also illustrate how Velikovsky's theory is disproved by geographic evidence, which he fails to investigate."

Tags:ancient, bible, collision, interplanetary, mars, miracles, worlds

Abstract
This essay analyzes human behavior through biological, learning, and cognitive theories to assess whether prison-based rehabilitation programs should be abolished in times of financial cutbacks. Research evidence is provided which indicates that although much of human behavior has biological roots, it does not necessarily mean behavior cannot be changed. The author argues that although only certain types of rehab programs are effective in changing criminal behavior, it nevertheless implies that behavior is more nurture than nature.

Outline:
Rehabilitation: The Key in Changing Offender Behavior
Biological Accounts of Behavior
Behavior Through Learning
Cognitive Approach
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In recent decades, incarceration rates (ABS) have displayed an upward trend across Australia. This, along with an increasing rate of recidivism(ABS) has contributed to a growing amount of criticism on the effectiveness of prison based rehabilitation programs.
According to Vennard, Sugg and Hedderman (1997) prison based programs designed to rehabilitate offenders have been criticised on two main grounds. Firstly, that they over simplify the roots of offending behavior by not considering other determinants of crime and secondly, that they are ineffective at changing criminal behavior. This "nothing works" (Martinson, 1974) attitude has changed in recent years to a cautious optimism, supported by growing research that some types of intervention can be effective at reducing re-offending. It is therefore paramount that some, if not most rehabilitation programs continue to operate despite financial cutbacks."

Tags:rehab, biological, cognitive, behavioral

Abstract
Massive corporate mergers are becoming increasingly commonplace in 21st-century America. As one huge merger follows another, the benefits for owners and investors are obvious. The paper argues, however, that for our society as a whole, the consequences seem far less beneficial. When too many large corporations merge, competition is reduced, consequently denying consumers a variety of benefits that they are entitled to in our allegedly free market system. The paper argues that the lack of price reduction and innovation are the two most prominent detriments to society in the face of these industry oligarchies. Because one company owns many businesses, the businesses are all run in virtually the same way, leaving very little room for creativity or competition.

From the Paper
"Time Warner's recent merger with Turner broadcasting created the largest media company in the world. It now owns cable distribution, cable channels, production, music publishing, book and magazine publishing, retail interests, film production and theater chains. An example of possible problems: the 1996 controversy over Time Warner's cable provider not wanting to distribute Fox's 24 hour news channel, a competitor with Turner's CNN. Another example is The Disney/Cap Cities/ABC merger, which combines cable, merchandising, theme park, production, film and local media outlets (Barnou, 1999)."

Tags:acquisitions, Alan, Greenspan

Abstract
Gives a critical analysis of "the war on drugs". Through examination of the history and present motivations of drug laws, this paper argues that the reasons behind drug criminalization are invalid. The paper also shows that the current law enforcement approaches are ineffective in dealing with the drug problem.

From the Paper
"The illicit drug problem is seen as a paramount concern within all western communities and is clearly the source of some of society's most major public health issues. The so-called "War on Drugs" is given unprecedented resources in the area of law enforcement and often headlines our major media outlets. The reasons for our community seeking to criminalize drug use will be explored in the following essay by tracing drugs laws to the original sources of public concern and exploring how community concern has evolved since. It will be shown that the original notions that are the basis of drug criminalization have been flawed from their inception. Furthermore it will be illustrated how current and past drug laws have been completely ineffective in achieving the aims that society has sought to achieve through drug criminalization."

Tags:cocaine, community, enforcement, heroin, history, law, legislation, marijuana, opium, police

Abstract
In vitro fertilisation has been used for decades and allows parents and doctors to screen embryos for genetic disorders and select healthy embryos. This paper investigates and rebuts the argument against genetic engineering and builds a strong case supporting 'designer babies'.

From the Paper
"An even greater and more controversial development in medical science is the technology of stem cells developed from early pre implanted human embryo, and in the near future, the ability to manipulate DNA. The new technology of stem cells will revolutionize medicine. When someone has a heart attack cells are damaged but a dose of new cells made in the lab could cure the harm. It will be possible to cure numerous cell-based diseases like juvenile-onset diabetes and Parkinson's disease, and to make organ transplants unnecessary. An American woman recently had her sight restored using eye cells harvested from stem cells. In future procedures like this could enhance the quality of life of humankind."

Tags:cloning, fertilisation, genetics, vitro, in, dna, disease

Abstract
Many sexual predators have admitted that they cannot control their urges to sexually and violently abuse women and children. This paper advocates that more strict legislative measures are needed that would prevent vulnerable individuals from being raped, abused and possibly killed by essentially "incurable" predators. It puts forward the proposal that if people were assured a harsh punishment if they were to commit a crime, they would be less likely to be able to justify their criminal actions as being "worth the risk". It discusses the holes in current legislation and how offenders are often not required to undergo sex offender treatment or evaluation and they are released into the community without being forced to adhere to sex offender registration laws and evaluates Megan's law. Megan's Law refers to the series of laws introduced in New Jersey following the murder of seven year-old Megan Kanka who was kidnapped, raped and murdered by her neighbor, a twice convicted sex offender who had committed a similar crime only months before. It analyzes the increasing public awareness and concern about crime together with intense media focus on the issue.

From the Paper
"According to Princeton University professor John DeIulio, "almost half of the country's 671,000 parolees and probationers are caught committing serious new offenses within three years" (Feinsilber, 1997). Many sexual predators have admitted that they cannot control their urges to sexually and violently abuse women and children. For this reason we should not allow these dangerous criminals to terrorize our neighborhoods, schools and homes. It is therefore my contention that more strict legislative measures are needed that would prevent vulnerable individuals from being raped, abused and possibly killed by these essentially "incurable" predators."

Tags:child, deviants, law, legal, molesters, rapists, sexual, megan, criminals