Abstract
This study takes the literary approach in unraveling the Maguindanaon character and sees what their literature says about them.

From the Paper
"In Mindanao, southern part of the Philippines, and particularly in the Province of Maguindanao, a tribe known as the Maguindanaon has since been stereotyped by the mainstream population as being uncivilized, violent, war-like and with criminal tendencies. However, the educated members of the Maguindanaons resisted such characterization of their people and instead argued that like their majority brothers they too possess positive characteristics."

Tags:maguindanao, mindanao, muslim, philippine

Abstract
The paper begins with a synopsis of the state of general education in the country, and then turns to the social beliefs and the traditional roles between women and men that are responsible for this disparity. It explores primary, senior and higher education.

From the Paper
"Papua New Guinea is located in the South Pacific. The island is rich in resources and has been called "an island of gold awash in a sea of oil" (Schaper). The natural resources haven't been exploited because of the expense associated with building a modern infrastructure along with the area's naturally rough terrain. So, with all of its natural wealth, the island has failed to develop economically. Around 37 percent of the population are living in poverty (Papua New Guinea). Due to gender disparities in education, only half of the nation is educated with an opportunity to obtain high-paying jobs."

Tags:synopsis, general, social, belief, traditional, role, gender, women, men, primary, senior, higher

From the Paper
"Sex education in traditional tribal cultures is examined for clues as to sex education and sex roles as they would have developed early in human history. Longitudinal ethnographic studies also provide information on human sexuality in general and on different ways in which societies are shaped around issues of sex, the transmission of attitudes about sex from one generation to the next, and so on. One problem in examining any traditional society is that researchers may bring biases from their own culture to their work and so may make errors in judgment as to the meaning of certain practices or even about details of tribal behavior. This is a problem in any kind of ethnographic study, but it may be a particular problem with studies of sexual mores because of the importance given sex in Western society as well as the ways in which sexual behavior and.."

From the Paper
"Margaret Mead, in Growing Up in New Guinea, studies the way children of the Manus in the Admiralty Islands, north of New Guinea, develop into adults, specifically, how they are educated. She seeks to determine the answer to a number of questions:
How much of the child's equipment does it bring with it at birth? How much of its development follows regular laws? How much . . . is it dependent upon early training, upon the personality of its parents, its teachers, its playmates. . . . - (1).
The advantage of studying the Manus children is that the lives of the Manus people "are lived very much as they have been lived for unknown centuries" (2). The "picture of human education in miniature" which she hopes to paint is based on "six months' concentrated and interrupted field work" in which she "learned.."

Abstract
Jamaica's music is influenced by the African, European, and Spanish cultures of its inhabitants. It explains that the different cultural backgrounds of the indigenous tribes blended with the Spanish and European colonists to create a music that was unique in many respects. The writer points out that Jamaican music is a form of expression, as well as an attempt for a culture to define itself. Its achievement lies in the fact that, despite its humble beginnings, it has become a global force in the musical world.

From the Paper
"Lewin and Gordon explain that native Jamaican music can be broken down into five categories, which are ritual, ceremonial, social, work and recreational. In addition, they state that ritual, ceremonial, and the social aspects of the music were the most popular forms of music in Jamaican culture and were still significant at the turn of the century. (Lewin and Gordon) Folk music originated as a result of dealing with life and its variety of circumstances. This underlying theme of coping with the joys and sorrows of life remains a significant aspect of Jamaican music. In short, Jamaican music serves many purposes and, as a result, is a form of all sorts of expressions."

Tags:folk, expresssion, island

Abstract
This paper examines Shaw's study and shows how he focuses specifically on the Samoan culture and its familial, organizational, and political structure. Shaw suggests that the introduction of Christianity profoundly changed the course of Samoan life through the process of "syncretism," or a blending of new cultural life with the old, a result of introducing outside religious structure in combination with indigenous social structures.

From the Paper
"Can a person worship Christ on Sunday and visit a witch doctor on Monday morning for a healing remedy?" This question forms the central thesis of the book, From Longhouse to Village by anthropologist and missionary R. Daniel Shaw. (Shaw, p. 17) In his text on Samoan social and religious life from its inception to the present, Shaw puts forth a radical thesis viewed through a Christian, missionary lese. He suggests the anthropological thesis that apparently minor changes in the level of technological and philosophical religious development and the social and political organizational structure of a culture can have a profound effects on the way that culture changes and develops."

Tags:somoa, culture, witchdoctor, medicine, church, christianity, native, primitive, ethnic

Abstract
An assessment of some of the various anthropological explanations for cargo cults. The paper aims to reveal how the history of Melanesia itself, from colonial administration to independence, is reflected in attitudes towards and explanations of, the cargo cult phenomenon. The paper includes a number of lengthy quotes from articles related to the topic, which try to explain the origins of the cult systems and how they developed through history.

From the Paper
"Few topics in the field of anthropological study have spread across academic disciplines and, through journalism, entered into popular usage as completely as the term "cargo cult". So much so, Lindstrom (1993) contends, "from the 1950's to the 1980's, cargo cult became the orthodox term for Melanesian social movements" (Lindstrom 1993:38). Indeed there have been claims that the term is overused, even abused, with all quasi-religious cults and "native frenzies" being labeled or re-labeled cargo cults. "Nowadays, for example, many Melanesian political movements must take care to deny explicitly that they are any sort of cargo cult"."

Tags:orientalism, papua, new, guinea, png

From the Paper
"David M. Hayano, in Road Through the Rain Forest, tells a compassionate, empathic and humanized story of the lives of the individuals of the Awa people of Highland Papua New Guinea at a time when their culture is undergoing dramatic changes brought about by the incursion of the world of progress and technology. It is a very personal narrative in which the author, striving for a "living anthropology," includes his own life as an integral part of his work. As the author writes,
These are not dramatized men and women, but actual individuals, some living, some dead, of flesh and blood. . . . Conventional ethnographies are usually writings about people with no personal names, no utterances, no feelings, no individual life experiences. Rather than beating the life out of the..."

Abstract
This paper relates that Diamond discusses what he found upon his visit to the tropical island of New Guinea several years ago. The author points out that he argues that environmental factors shape civilization.

Abstract
This essay attempts to elucidate the impacts of immigration focusing on Australian society. First, the impact of immigration from an economic point of view is explained. This is followed by a scrutiny of the social impact of immigration and a review of the environmental impact.

Tags:immigration, impacts, economics, linguistics