Abstract
This paper examines the legends and historical revolution, and characteristics of the Sphinx, ancient Egypt's protector from outsiders. The author discusses how the creature defined Egyptian civilization, how it would terrorize outsiders with her famous riddle, and how she was revered by Egypt as a sacred figure.

From the Paper
"When we think of Egyptian art we immediately think of the monumental pyramids and inscrutable sphinxes, Shaw-Eagle 1999. Ancient Egypt has fascinated outsiders ever since Herodotus, the fifth- century-BC Greek historian, visited a civilization already thousands of years old. And the artistic splendors that captivated him -- the Great Pyramids, Sphinx and statues of the Old Kingdom , 2650 to 2150 BC -- still define Egyptian civilization in the Western mind. A monument for the Sphinx is found at Tanis in the form of the Large Sphinx. Made from pink granite it depicts the Pharaoh with a lion's body. Sphinx in Greek showed a sort of monster, and in Egypt they represented the protection for the passages in religious buildings."

Tags:giza, greek, egypt, ancient, oedipus, riddle, lion, pharaoh, tanis, old, kingdom

Abstract
This essay discusses the importance of women in ancient Egyptian society in Gay Robin's book "Women in Ancient Egypt". The author examines strong royal women such as Nefertiti, and Nefertiti, and discusses women in Egyptian art. The paper also looks at the subordination of females in Egyptian society, but also how they were honored by their families.

From the Paper:

"Dr. Robins, curator of Egyptian art for the Carlos Museum, reevaluates the roles and importance of women in ancient Egyptian society as depicted in the art and written records of the time. The special role of women in religious rites is also surveyed. Women in Ancient Egypt is a book that shows us what the archaeological riches of Egypt really say about how the women of Egypt lived, both in the public and private eye."??

From the Paper
"Dr. Robins, curator of Egyptian art for the Carlos Museum , reevaluates the roles and importance of women in ancient Egyptian society as depicted in the art and written records of the time. The special role of women in religious rites is also surveyed. Women in Ancient Egypt is a book that shows us what the archaeological riches of Egypt really say about how the women of Egypt lived, both in the public and private eye."

Tags:nefertiti, nefertari, goddess, robins, queen, wife, afterlife

Abstract
This paper examines the threat posed by Hezbollah and the methods in which it operates, along with its ideology and that of the region which allows it to operate with such impunity. The paper explores the motivation and goals of Hezbollah, the tactics and strategies of the organization, including previous terrorist attacks. The paper then looks at the Lebanon's reaction to Hezbollah and ways of addressing this threat. The paper also discusses world security. In conclusion, the writer suggests that financial support cuts and other sanctions should be imposed on Lebanon for as long as it continues to endorse Hezbollah and its terrorist actions (whether implicit or explicit) by allowing the organization to operate within its borders. Otherwise, future attacks are inevitable and the security of the United States and it allies will continually be at risk from this organization.

Outline:
History and Motivation of the Organization
Tactics and Techniques of Terrorism
Response of the Government and Counteraction

From the Paper
"Hizbollah was formed in 1982 in response to the war in Lebanon regarding political disputes with Israel and the subsequent Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon. The founders of the organization wanted to more fully support Islamic fundamentalism as well as remove Israel from the country, and they believed that apathy and a lack of religious devotion to fundamentalist principles were significant problems in Lebanon. Although the stated principle of the conflict were to remove Israel from the area and to establish "Peace for Galilee," some scholars have noted that "it would have been more honest to call the war to safeguard the occupation of the West Bank," asserting that Israel acted in the area not to promote peace but to protect its own territory."

Tags:Terrorist, Middle, East, Lebanon, Israel, security

Abstract
This paper is an examination of the artwork of ancient Egypt. It looks at the paintings of ancient Egypt and explores the different messages that they hold within. Some of the themes found in these paintings include god, life after death and the actual process of dying. In many cases, the paintings are a personal history of the individual that is now preserved for future generations. The author shows how animals played an important role in their life and how many animals hold special meaning for these ancient Egyptians. The author goes into great detail about the materials used in these paintings, including the type of paints, brushes, colors, canvases and surfaces used by the Egyptians to paint these magnificent pieces of art.

From the Paper
"The artwork of ancient Egypt remains a never-ending source of fascination for many living in the modern world. Painting is perhaps the most intriguing and perceptive medium of expression used by the Egyptian artisans. The subject matter, materials used, techniques, and style reflected in the paintings mirror the time period in which they are painted. The paintings produced in Egyptian antiquity are insightful windows into the culture, beliefs, and ideals of the dynamic ancient civilization."

Tags:artisans, materials, techniques, history, religion, animals, culture, patterns, afterlife, dying, decorative, meaning, hidden, tempera, papyrus, wood, rock, memory, tomb, illustrations, portraits

Abstract
This paper is an examination of the purposes and construction of the Great Pyramids. It looks at the connection between the afterlife and pyramids and their purpose as a demonstration of power and influence. It also discusses the mysterious nature of the construction of the pyramids.

Abstract
This paper discusses the Egyptian funerary rituals and equipment, which eventually became the most elaborate the world has ever known. The author states that Egyptians began the art of embalming in the very earliest dynastic times because the body had to remain intact to grant to the dead the illusion of life. The paper presents in detail the many processes of embalming.

From the Paper
"The Predynastic Cultures of Ancient Egypt, for example, were relatively simple in their material possessions, including their grave goods, although these cultures seemed to enjoy a substantial degree of prosperity compared to the peoples around them and a relatively constant level of prosperity. As early as about 4000 B.C., some people were being buried with a relatively high number of grave goods compared to others, indicating that a complex society with a number of different social ranks had already evolved and was established well enough for people to want it to be reflected through eternity. The bodies of this time do not bear the elaborate preparations that they would by the New Kingdom thousands of years later. But, they do bear signs of an attempt to preserve them against the elements, including the wrapping of the body in cloth and at least sometimes the treating of the body with preservative chemicals sometimes by simply immersing or coating the body with these chemicals, sometimes by infusing the cloth wrappings with these chemicals. Except for the simplicity of this treatment, it resembles in essential ways later mummification techniques."

Tags:cloth, wrappings, mummy, tomb, kingdom

Abstract
A report on ancient Egyptian jewelry. The author focuses on how the jewelry was crafted, specific styles of jewelry, and their symbolic meanings.

From the Paper
"Ancient Egypt is known for its awe-inspiring monuments, mysterious mythologies and legendary treasures. Its history is rich and complex, reaching far back into the beginnings of civilization and spanning thousands of years. Much of what we know about this ancient culture comes from the ancient artifacts it has left behind. Among these is the multitude of its beautiful jewels. What types of jewelry did the ancient Egyptians wear and how was it significant to them? How did they manage to create such incredibly intricate and unique jewelry? "

Tags:craft, art, composition, meaning, symbolism, symbolic, symbol

Abstract
The paper shows that the central research question addressed by Lila Abu-Lughod in her book "Veiled Sentiments" is how women and young men may express certain personal feelings that otherwise violate their moral code, the code conveyed to them by their social group. The paper discusses how the Bedouin society she studies is one where people often sang or used short poems to express their feelings and how the author notes that the question that arises concerns the relationship between the Bedouin poetic discourse and the discourse of ordinary social life.

From the Paper
"The world depicted by Abu-Lughod is a society based on blood ties above all, both linking people to the past and to one another in the present. In approaching this society, Abu-Lughod first had to divest herself of certain romantic notions of Bedouin life. She believed that the people were tied to the sea, but she found that the sea played little or no part in their social life and that it was the desert which was central in their thinking. She was also surprised to find that the people lived in houses instead of tents, though they did pitch their tents next to the houses and spent most of their time in the tents."

Tags:modesty, blood, ties, ethnographer

Abstract
An investigation of women's rights in Afghanistan. The author examines the rules and laws that women must abide by concerning work, travel and education, punishment and specific difficulties that they encounter such as health care. The paper provides a look at some personal stories.

OUTLINE

I. Introduction
A. Who are the Taliban?
B. Life Before the Taliban

II. Rules
A. May not work
B. Ban on education
C. Travel
D. Contact with males
E. Hiding in home
F. Dress
G. Bathing
III. Punishment
Death for traveling with man not her mahram
Whipping, beating and verbal abuse of women not clothed in accordance with Taliban rules, or of women unaccompanied by a mahram, for having non-covered ankles.
Women have been shot at for leaving their homes without a male escort to receive medical care.
IV. Specific difficulties
A. Employment
B. Health care
V. Personal stories
A. SUMAYYAH KARIMI
VI. Conclusion

From the Paper
"The plight of women in Afghanistan has received much media attention since the start of the United States war on terrorism. This war has focused on Afghanistan because the Taliban government allowed their country to be used as a safe haven by terrorists. While the women of Afghanistan have lived under restrictions unfamiliar to many women living in Western countries, since the Taliban took control of the majority of Afghanistan in 1996, they have been subjected to a series of rules and punishments unprecedented in any other country of the world."

Tags:freedom, rights, treat, power, control, authority, patriarchy

Abstract
The paper gives a very real and accurate description life of Akhenaten. From his seemingly amazing, though heretical, accession to the throne of Egypt, to the establishment of his new city Akhentaten near Tel El Amarna. The paper fully describes the life of Akhenaten, his achievements, the changes he made to the Empire as well as his downfall from the Egyptian throne. All information and hypotheses are accurately justified with prime, confident primary and secondary sources and critically analyzed to achieve a great satisfaction of critical use of sources.

From the Paper
"Akhenaten declared to all Egypt that he was son of Aten and proposed that he was Aten is human form (an incarnation), and to worship Aten, he should be worshiped as a god. Roebuck provides evidence of how Akhenaten considered himself a god, Roebuck (1966) explains "The kings shared a divinity of Aten and spoke of himself as Aten's son and co-regent, but the other gods of Egypt were laid aside." Evidence here sates that Akhenaten saw himself as son of Aten. Throughout upper and lower Egypt, Akhenaten was depicted as a godly figure, portrayed larger than any other person, a clear sign in Egyptian culture and art, that he was more important than any other person and just as important as a god. Bradley (1999) sates "The size and position of the image of the king in scenes was an affirmation of the king's divinity, the king became the focus of worship" The Pharaoh's size and position in art was very important. Before Akhenaten kings were always shown was larger than any other, but not larger than that of a god. This source clearly explains that fact that Akhenaten was just as large as a god, so therefore considered himself a god."

Tags:amarna, amenhotep, aten, delta, disk, egypt, nile, sun, tel