Abstract
This paper looks at the problem of elder abuse in our society and around the world. It looks at who the victims are, who the perpetrators are, and why it is often hard to prevent elder abuse. Also discussed are measures physicians and social workers can take to help deal with the problem of elder abuse, the ways various state laws deal with the problem, and some recognizable signs of elder abuse.

From the Paper
"Due to the innovations in the fields of medicine, science and technology the life expectancy of an average male and female has increased drastically. Many people are living longer and are in a better state of health. However the more old they grow the more they are dependent on others to take care of their needs. This leads to many problems as it exposes a hidden problem known as elder abuse. There are several cases of elder abuse reported every year. Due to the extent of the elder abuse, some of the victims tend to die earlier due to the psychological and physical damage."

Tags:elderly, mistreated, abused, harm, exploited, neglects, shoving, slapping, beating, restrain, caregiver, deprive, medicate

Abstract
This review of Alzheimer?s disease (AD) focuses on the various causes of the disease. It is a compilation of material gathered from various scientific journals. The review begins by giving an introduction of AD followed by a discussion of various factors believed to cause AD, such as: amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, apolipoprotein E, and genetic factors. The author concludes by stressing the need for more research into the causes of AD.

Introduction
Overview of Alzheimer?s Disease
Pathological Causes of Alzheimer?s Disease
Amyloid Plaques
Neurofibrillary Tangles
Genetic Factors in the Development of Alzheimer?s Disease
Chromosome 19 and Apolipoprotein E
Other Genetic Factors
Presenilin
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and dementia. The precise mechanisms that cause AD are still unknown, however, certain factors that predispose individuals to Alzheimer's disease have been identified. Although no definitive cause has yet been discovered, this article reviews current research into various possible causes of AD, including the pathological causes, such as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Also the genetic factors that cause AD, such as apolipoprotein E (apoE) and presenilin gene."

Tags:biology, scientific

Abstract
This paper discusses what Alzheimer Disease is and what the causes and effects of the disease are. It further examines available treatment for this conditions and investigates new breakthroughs in the medical field regarding treatment. The writer also looks at the predisposition of the disease and its patient.

From the Paper
"Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neuro-degenerative disease. It is characterized by memory loss, language deterioration, impaired visuospatial skills, poor judgment, and an indifferent attitude (NINDS, pg). This disease was first described by the German physician, Alois Alzheimer, 90 years ago (Manbir, pg). Alzheimer first demonstrated the typical microscopic changes in the autopsy of a woman in her 50 s who had suffered what seemed to be a mental illness. Through the microscope he saw brain cells filled with twisted strands of fiber and surrounded by dense deposits (Manbir, pg). These features are the hallmarks of Alzheimer s disease. In this disorder gradual decline of brain function leads inevitably to death which can be anywhere from three to twenty years after the disease is diagnosed (Manbir, pg). AD is a progressive disease and its course varies from person to person. The most common cause of death in Alzheimer s patients is infection (NINDS, pg)."

Tags:medical, treatment, patient, dementia, memory, cognitive

Abstract
The paper discusses the following characteristics and features of each population-- their reason for gathering together, the "rules" that seem to govern their interaction; common behavior; their response to "outsiders;" their reactions to new group members; their communicatory processes; their handling of extreme emotions or outbursts; their appearance and dress; their handling of money and/or possessions; and the types of personalities noted in each group.

From the Paper
"In terms of handling money or possessions, one child was given some money by a parent in order to get a coke from a nearby vendor (he appeared to be the oldest child in the group). This soon resulted in about a third of the children asking their mothers to either give them money to purchase a coke or buy them a coke. Those children whose parents refused were upset, although the expression of this "upsetness" varied from child to child with a couple of children acting like they were about to die of thirst (and then the parent would be sorry) while others just put on a sad or miffed face and let it go at that, their attention almost immediately being caught by something else."

Tags:possessions, rules, behavior, response, emotions

Abstract
The paper discusses the book which was written by a participant-observer of the culture surrounding a Jewish Senior Citizen Center in California. The paper shows that the novel depicts life in the Jewish ghetto for the men and women, most of them in their eighties or nineties.

From the Paper
"The Center is located near the beach in an urban California area. At one time it was in the heart of a thriving Jewish community, but the neighborhood has changed drastically, particularly in the last ten years before the research for the book was begun. Because of the age and physical condition of the members, as well as the downward trend in the socioeconomic status of the surrounding area, the Center is constantly threatened with extinction. This is one of the reasons that the author was so anxious to do this particular fieldwork."

Tags:senior, citizen, Jewish, anthropology, aging, culture

Abstract
This paper defines and clarifies the debate over different types of aging. Starting with the revolutionary work of Havighurst in the late 1960?s and incorporating research from the present day, this paper defines the three central components of aging: physiological, psychological (cognitive), and social. Numerous examples of both successful and unsuccessful aging across all three components are described, and backed by empirical research. No clear "recipe" for successful aging can be given, but this paper is a thorough and modern overview of this facet of psychology as it stands today.

From the Paper
"In the late 16th century the Spanish explorer Ponce de Leon set out on a quest to discover the fountain of youth. Intruding into uncharted and hostile Indian Territory, de Leon was struck dead by an arrow to his heart, at the age of 47. Today millions of Americans and billions worldwide are experiencing the golden years that evaded De Leon. But does older age necessarily equate to 'golden years'? Since at least the 1960s gerontologists have been developing conceptual frameworks, called schema, to describe ideal outcomes of the aging process. One of the most commonly used terms to describe good old age is "successful aging", often attributed to R.J. Havighurst (1961). This concept lies at the core of the practice of gerontology; the Havighurst article appeared as the first conceptual piece in the first issue of the discipline's prime publication, The Gerontologist. Defining 'successful' aging has been an issue of debate ever since. However, a complete definition must include at least three components: physiological, psychological (or cognitive), and social. It also must be able to be clearly distinguished from the opposite end of the spectrum, namely, 'unsuccessful' aging."

Tags:age, alzheimer, cognitive, development, developmental, geriatric, geriatrics, gerontology, havinghurst, old

Abstract
Individuals grieve in their own way and in their own time. In examining the journey loss and the grieving of that loss in one family, this paper applies the theory to a real life situation of the death of an aged parent and the implications for adult children, themselves past middle age and experiencing their own aging journey. Their experiences are related to theoretical and personal understandings of loss and grief.

From the Paper
"There is a range of reasons given for why the community struggles towards a psychology of loss. There is a lack of overall integration in the area of loss research - the authors cite evidence in this field of material that is disjointed, disorganized and descriptive. This is further supported what has been described as "a plethora of "self help" books which deal with grief. The latter these authors maintain, further diminishes the importance of loss as a scientific area of study (Miller & Omarzu, 1998). These authors maintain that because there is no clear psychology of loss there is an urgent need for what does exist to go into pre-existing or new theoretical models."

Tags:disenfranchised, healthmental, primary, secondary, somatised, theory

Abstract
General summaries of the last four stages of human development: Adolescence, Young Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, and Late Adulthood. Examines physical, cognitive, and psycho-social aspects of development.

Adolescence
Definition
Reproduction
Risky behavior
Cognitive: Piaget (Formal operations), Elkind
Identity vs. identity confusion (Erikson)
Peer and Family relations

Young Adulthood
Cognitive: Postformal thought, Triarchic theory of
Intelligence (Sternberg), Emotional Intelligence
Personality: 5 factor model (Costa & McCrae)
Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson)
Levinson & the Grant Study
Culture: Marriage, childbirth, remaining single

Middle Adulthood
Physiological changes ? hearing, sight, endurance,
metabolism
Ailments ? hypertension, osteoporosis, stress
Seattle Longitudinal Study: Fluid and Crystallized
intelligence
Cognitive ? Hoyer and Schaie
Jung ? Individuation
Generativity versus stagnation (Erikson)
Psychosocial ? identity style, assimilation,
accommodation

Late Adulthood
Biological aging ? genetic programming, variable rate
theories
Physical changes
Cognitive ? Metamemory, semantic, procedural, sensory
Ego integrity versus despair (Erikson)
Disengagement, continuity, and activity theories
Retirement
Marriage, family, peer relationships
Living arrangements

From the Paper
"Adolescence is the developmental transition from childhood to adulthood. Although its beginning or end is not clearly marked in Western societies, adolescence lasts about a decade from age 11 or 12 until the late teens or early twenties. Adolescence carries many risks to healthy development, as well as opportunities for physical, cognitive, and psychosocial growth."

Tags:erikson, geriatric, jung, middle-age, old, piaget, stage, young

Abstract
History
Location
Occupations
Schooling
Family
Context of Interview
Discussion
Activity in normal day: sleep, exercise, groups
Diet
Sensory changes
Memory assessment
Changing relationships: family & peers
Retirement and goals
Analysis
Physical performance: causes of illness, injury, and
sensory dysfunction
Education - Engagement process (Schaie), memory
Ego integrity versus despair (Erikson), Grant Study
Role of religion
Continuity theory (Atchley)
Balanced investment - role of siblings and family
members

From the Paper
"Born in 1932, AB is a sixty-eight year old female from the central New York state area. AB grew up in a small town with her twin brother and two sisters. Her father passed away when she was two, and her siblings were then raised by their single mother. In her adult life, AB has worked as a dietitian at a University Hospital. Currently, AB resides at the retirement community in New York."

Tags:aging, cognitive, elkind, erikson, geriatrics, late, old, social

Abstract
This paper focuses upon both the needs and the challenges faced by both the family as a whole and by individuals entering the final phase of the family life cycle. It looks at how the final phase of the family life cycle encompasses two separate stages, the launching phase (55-69 years of age), which is characterized by the last dependent member of the family exiting from the family system and the 'later life' stage (70 to 100+ years of age), which is characterized by the acceptance of a shift in generational roles.

Outline
Family Systems Theory
Launching Stage
Assessment and Treatment Issues within the Launching Stage
Transition from the Launching Stage to Later Life
Later Life
End of Life and Loss
Assessment and Treatment Issues in Later Life
Summary

From the Paper
"Self-concept plays a large role within this stage, which is best portrayed by Erikson's psychosocial theory of development. Here, the middle aged adult looks outside of themselves and aspires to care, or to be of service to others; such a notion is coined: generativity. Generativity is analogous to unselfish love and is given regardless of whether or not it is reciprocated (Erikson, 1963). On the other side of the notion of generativity is stagnation, in which the individual becomes completely self-absorbed. Such a stage of conflict contributes to one's sense of purpose and their expanded identity. Here, individuals re-evaluate their career goals, they have a shift in family responsibility and they must begin to deal with one's own mortality (Erikson, 1963)."

Tags:therapy, loss, age, elderly